Sri Lanka

The Sinhalese arrived in Sri Lanka late in the 6th century B.C., probably from northern India. Buddhism was introduced beginning in about the mid-third century B.C., and a great civilization developed at the cities of Anuradhapura (kingdom from circa 200 B.C. to circa A.D. 1000) and Polonnaruwa (from about 1070 to 1200). In the 14th century, a south Indian dynasty seized power in the north and established a Tamil kingdom. Occupied by the Portuguese in the 16th century and by the Dutch in the 17th century, the island was ceded to the British in 1796, became a crown colony in 1802, and was united under British rule by 1815. As Ceylon, it became independent in 1948; its name was changed to Sri Lanka in 1972. Tensions between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil separatists erupted into war in 1983. Tens of thousands have died in an ethnic conflict that continues to fester. After two decades of fighting, the government and Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam formalized a cease-fire in February 2002, with Norway brokering peace negotiations. Violence between the LTTE and government forces intensified in 2006, but neither side has formally withdrawn from the cease-fire.
(Source: CIA - The World Factbook)

related countries: India, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom

Official Name:
Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
short form: Sri Lanka
in Tamil: Ilankai
former: Serendib, Ceylon

ISO Country Code: lk

Local Time = UTC +6h

Country Calling Code: +94

Capital: Colombo (pop. 1.3 million--urban area)
(former names: Kalan-totta, Kola-amba-thota)
The city of Sri Jayewardenepura-Kotte is the officially designated capital city and is the seat of Sri Lanka's Parliament, but it is currently just the administrative center.

Other Cities:
Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia (210 000), Moratuwa (200 000), Kandy (150 000), Jaffna (100 000), Galle (80 000), Anuradhapura (50 000).

Government:
Type: Republic
Independence: 4 February 1948 (from the UK)
Constitution: 31 August 1978.

Geography:
Location: Asia, South of the Indian subcontinent.
Area: 65 610 sq. km. (25 332 sq. mi.)
Terrain: Coastal plains in the northern third of country; hills and mountains in south-central Sri Lanka rise to 2 133 meters (7 000 ft.).

Climate: Tropical; rainy seasons--light in northeast, fall and winter, with average rainfall of 50 in.; heavy in southwest, summer and fall, with average rainfall of 200 in.

People:
Nationality: Sri Lankan(s).
Total Population: 19 million
GNI per capita PPP: $ 4145 (year)
Ethnic groups: Sinhalese (74%), Tamils (18%), Moor 7%, Burgher, Malay, and Vedda 1%.
Religions: Buddhism (69%), Hinduism (15%), Christianity (8%), and Islam (7%).
Languages: Sinhala and Tamil (official), English.
Literacy: 91%

Natural resources:
Agricultural products: Paddy, maha, yala, rubber, tea, coconut.

Agriculture products: Rice, sugarcane, grains, pulses, oilseed, spices, tea, rubber, coconuts; milk, eggs, hides, beef.

Industries: Rubber processing, tea, coconuts, and other agricultural commodities; clothing, cement, petroleum refining, textiles, tobacco.

Currency: Sri Lanka Rupee (LKR)

Sri Lanka in numbers
Sri Lanka key statistical data.